Bioactivity Test of Gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb) Processing Waste as an Environmentally Friendly Alternative for Pest Control Using Nano Technology

Hasmiandy Hamid, Reflinaldon Reflinaldon, Hidrayani Hidrayani, Yunisman Yunisman, Eka Candra Lina

Abstract


The gambir plant can serve as a raw material for botanical insecticides. Plant-based insecticides are made in nanoemulsion form to overcome the insecticide particle size problem. This study aims to obtain a gambir waste form that has the potential to be used as a botanical insecticide using nanotechnology. The laboratory experiments include preliminary and follow-up tests. The preliminary test involves testing each extract (liquid, solid, and raw gambir waste) at three concentrations using a completely randomized design with four replications. The follow-up test uses the residue method on leaves to test insecticidal activity. Creating nanoemulsion from gambir waste involves mixing organic and liquid phases through spontaneous emulsification. The insecticidal effectiveness of this nanoemulsion is tested on Croccidolomia pavonana. The results show that solid and liquid gambir waste has the potential to be used as alternative insecticides, which can influence the mortality of C. pavonana with an LC50 concentration of 0.22 (solid waste) and 0. 29 (liquid waste), while LC95 is 2.44 (solid waste) and 2.52 (liquid waste). The research promotes utilizing natural resources and innovative technologies, advancing environmentally conscious pest control methods, and fostering sustainable agricultural systems.

Keywords


Botanical pesticides; Gambir; Insecticidal Activity; Nano; Vegetable

Full Text:

PDF

References


Aprely, K. J., Misfadhila, S., & Asra, R. (2021). A Review: The Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Traditional Use of Gambir (Uncaria gambir (Hunter) Roxb). EAS Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 3(1), 21–25. https://www.easpublisher.com/get-articles/1899

Arumsari, A. G. (2021). Analysis of Catechins in Gambir West Sumatra. ARRUS Journal of Engineering and Technology, 1(2), 47–54. https://doi.org/10.35877/jetech590

Chowański, S., Kudlewska, M., Marciniak, P., & Rosiński, G. (2014). Synthetic Insecticides – is There an Alternative? Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 23(2), 291–302. https://www.pjoes.com/Synthetic-Insecticides-is-There-an-Alternative-,89194,0,2.html

Dibisono, M. Y., Ginting, M. S., & Hariri, S. (2022). Potensi Ekstrak Daun gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb) sebagai Pestisida Nabati untuk Mengendalikan Hama Ulat Api (Sethotosea asigna van Eecke). Jurnal Agroplasma, 9(2), 262–266. https://doi.org/10.36987/agroplasma.v9i2.3338

Erlina, L. H., Lina, E. C., Reflinaldon, Djamaan, A., & Arneti. (2020). Insecticidal activity of nanoemulsion of Piper aduncum extract against cabbage head cartepillar Crocidolomia pavonana F. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 468(1), 012001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/468/1/012001

Haritha, D., Faiz Ahmed, M., Bala, S., & Choudhury, D. (2021). Eco-friendly plant based on botanical pesticides. Plant Archives, 21(Suppliment-1), 2197–2204. https://doi.org/10.51470/PLANTARCHIVES.2021.v21.S1.362

Idris, H. (2015). Uji Kemampuan Insektisida Botanis Ekstrak Daun Gambir terhadap Hama (Plutella xylostella L). Jurnal Ipteks Terapan, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.22216/jit.2014.v8i4.22

Kasim, A., Malrianti, Y., Derosya, V., & Syukri, D. (2019). GC-MS Screening of Valuable Volatile Compounds in the Waste of Uncaria gambir. Annals of Biology, 35(2), 242–245. https://agribiop.com/gc-ms-screening-of-valuable-volatile-compounds-in-the-waste-of-uncaria-gambir/

Kim, K.-H., Kabir, E., & Jahan, S. A. (2017). Exposure to pesticides and the associated human health effects. Science of The Total Environment, 575, 525–535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.009

Kumar, S., & Kumar, A. (2022). Nanoemulsions: Techniques for the preparation and the recent advances in their food applications. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 76, 102914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2021.102914

Lina, E. C., Dadang, Manuwoto, S., & Syahbirin, G. (2017). Safety and effectiveness of mixed plant extracts formulation against cabbages pests under field conditions. Journal of Biopesticides, 10(1), 25–34. https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.10.2.25-34

Lina, E. C., Reflin, Erlina, L. H., & Tama, D. P. (2021). Nanoemulation of mixed Tephrosia vogelii and Piper aduncum as an alternative control of cabbage pest Crocidolomia pavonana. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 819(1), 012085. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/819/1/012085

Mushtaq, A., Mohd Wani, S., Malik, A. R., Gull, A., Ramniwas, S., Ahmad Nayik, G., Ercisli, S., Alina Marc, R., Ullah, R., & Bari, A. (2023). Recent insights into Nanoemulsions: Their preparation, properties and applications. Food Chemistry: X, 18, 100684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100684

Prabha, S., Arya, G., Chandra, R., Ahmed, B., & Nimesh, S. (2016). Effect of size on biological properties of nanoparticles employed in gene delivery. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine and Biotechnology, 44(1), 83–91. https://doi.org/10.3109/21691401.2014.913054

Samanta, S., Maji, A., Sutradhar, B., Banerjee, S., Shelar, V. B., Khaire, P. B., Yadav, S. V., & Bansode, G. D. (2023). Impact of Pesticides on Beneficial Insects in Various Agroecosystem: A Review. International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, 13(8), 1928–1936. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i82149

Setyorini, D., & Antarlina, S. S. (2022). Secondary metabolites in sorghum and its characteristics. Food Science and Technology, 42, e49822. https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.49822

Sharma, S., Loach, N., Gupta, S., & Mohan, L. (2020). Phyto-nanoemulsion: An emerging nano-insecticidal formulation. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management, 14, 100331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2020.100331

Sun, Y., Wang, M., Mur, L. A. J., Shen, Q., & Guo, S. (2020). Unravelling the Roles of Nitrogen Nutrition in Plant Disease Defences. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(2), 572. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21020572

Tan, M., Wu, H., Yan, S., & Jiang, D. (2022). Evaluating the Toxic Effects of Tannic Acid Treatment on Hyphantria cunea Larvae. Insects, 13(10), 872. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13100872

Vuko, E., Dunkić, V., Ruščić, M., Nazlić, M., Mandić, N., Soldo, B., Šprung, M., & Fredotović, Ž. (2021). Chemical Composition and New Biological Activities of Essential Oil and Hydrosol of Hypericum perforatum L. ssp. Veronense (Schrank) H. Lindb. Plants, 10(5), 1014. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10051014




DOI: http://doi.org/10.17503/agrivita.v46i2.4397

Copyright (c) 2024 The Author(s)

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.