Physicochemical Properties of Soil Cultivated with Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) in Gua Musang, Kelantan

Athirah Amran, Mohd Rizal Ariffin, Isharudin Md Isa, Osumanu Haruna Ahmed, Gary Herman, Siti Hazwani Muhamad, Nur Atikah Mohd Nor, Mohd Nizar Khairuddin

Abstract


This study was carried out in an area cultivated with durian in Gua Musang, Kelantan with a soil series of Rengam-Jerangau. The objective of this study was to determine the physicochemical properties of soil cultivated with durian at different elevations and samplings. The soil composite sampling was determined at three elevations (top, middle and bottom elevation) marked using GPS coordinate with two different depths (0-15 cm and 15-30 cm). The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) of the soil texture is clay with bulk density ranging between 0.98 to 1.11 g/cm3. Significant parameters at alpha value of 95% include total carbon content (0.903% until 1.389%), total sulphur content (0.059% to 0.100%), exchangeable bases calcium, potassium and sodium at 3.520 cmolc/kg to 5.582 cmolc/kg, 0.380 to 0.581 cmolc/kg and 0.101 to 0.155 cmolc/kg respectively. From the significant parameters, only exchangeable potassium was affected by the by both elevation and depth of the sampling while the other parameters were only affected by the elevation. As some of the nutrients had been classified as low, extensive measures need to be done for healthy growth performance.


Keywords


Durian; Elevation; Soil physical; Soil physicochemical

Full Text:

PDF

References


Afandi, A. M., Tayeb, M. D., Sapudin, S., Tarmizi, A. M., Ibrahim, R., Ramli, R., . . . Hitam, A. (2002). Performance of Oil Palm on Coral Soils. Oil Palm Bulletin, 44, 1 - 18.

Amlin, G., Suratman, M. N., & Md Isa, N. N. (2014). Soil Chemical Analysis of Secondary Forest 30 Years after Logging Activities at Krau Wildlife Reserve, Pahang, Malaysia. 5th International Conference on Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering (ICBEE 2013); 2nd International Conference of Civil Engineering (ICCEN 2013) (pp. 75 - 81). Elsevier. DOI

Anderson, N. P., Hart, J. M., Sullivan, D. M., Homeck, D. A., Pirelli, G. J., & Christensen, N. W. (2013). Applying Lime to Raise Soil pH for Crop Production (Western Oregon). Corvallis: Oregon State University.

Asia-Pacific Association of Agricultural Research Institutions - APAARI. (2018). Cultural Practices and Propagation of Durian Varieties. In S. Somsri, Durian in Thailand: A Success Story (pp. 37 - 49). Bangkok: Asia-Pacific Association of Agricultural Research Institutions (APAARI).

Atofarati, S. O., Ewulo, B. S., & Ojeniyi, S. O. (2012). Characterization and Classification of Soils on Two Toposequence at Ile-Oluji, Ondo State, Nigeria. International Journal of Agricultural Science, 2(7), 642-650.

Bahagian Hortikultur - Seksyen Buah-buahan. (2009). Manual Tanaman Durian (Durio Zibethinuss Murr.), pp 1 -38. Putrajaya: Jabatan Petanian Malaysia.

Bruckner, M. Z. (2012). Water and soil Characterization-pH and Electrical Conductivity, Microbial Life Educational Source. Montana: Montana State University Bozeman.

Department of Statistics Malaysia. (2019). Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Performance. Kuala Lumpur: Department of Statistics Malaysia.

Diczbalis, Y., & Darren, W. (2005). Durian and Mangosteen Orchard: North Queensland Nutrition Survey. Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation.

Dolui, A. K., & Pradhan, S. (2007). Sulphur Mineralization and Carbon, Nitrogen and Sulphur Relationships in some Alfisols of India. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 38(1-2), 133 - 146. DOI

Gaskell, M., Smith, R., Mitchell, J., Koike, S. T., Fouche, C., Hartz, T., . . . Louise, J. (2007). Soil Fertility Management for Organic Crops. UC Agriculture & Natural Resources(7249), 1 - 8. DOI

Gilliam, F. S., Galloway, J. E., & Sarmiento, J. S. (2015). Variation with Slope Aspects in Effects of Temperature on Nitrogen Mineralization and Nitrification in Mineral Soils of Mixed Hardwood Forests. Canadia Journal of Forest Research, 45(7), 958 - 962. DOI

Girardin, Cecile, A. J., Malhi, Y., Aragao, L. E., Mamani, M., Huaraca Huasco, W., . . . Salinas, N. (2010). Net Primary Productivity Allocation and Cycling of Carbon Along A Tropical Forest Elevational Transect in The Peruvian Andes . Global Change Biology, 16(12), 3176-3192. DOI

Halman, J. M., Schaberg, P. G., Hawley, G. J., & Hansen, C. F. (2011). Potential Role of Soil Calcium in Recovery of Paper Birch Following Ice Storm Injury In Vermont, USA. Forest Ecology and Management, 261(9), 1539 - 1545. DOI

Hamad, J. R., & Abdelnasir, O. (2016). Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and Carbon/Nitrogen Ratio in Surface Sediments in Kuala Sungai Baru, Melaka. Annals of the Faculty of Engineering Hunedoara-International Journal of Engineering, 2, 14.

Horneck, D., Wysocki, D., Hopkins, B., Young, B., Hart, J., & Stevens, R. (2007). Acidifying Soil for Crop Porduction: Inland Pacific Northwest. Pacific Northwest Extension.

Hu, C., Li, F., Xie, Y. H., Deng , Z. M., & Chen, X. S. (2018). Soil Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Stoichiometry of Three Dominant Plant Communities Distributed Along a Small-Scale Elevation Gradient in the East Dongting Lake. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 103, 28 - 34. DOI

Ketsa, S., Wisutiamonkal, A., Palapol, Y., & Paull, R. E. (2020). The Durian: Botany, Horticulture and Utilization. Horticultural Reviews, 47, 125-211. DOI

Kettler, T. A., Doran, J. W., & Gilbert, T. L. (2001). Simplified Method For Soil Particle-Size Determination to Accompany Soil-Quality Analyses. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 65(3), 849 - 852. DOI

Kostov, S. O. (2016). Tropical soils: Importance, Research and Management. UTAR Agriculture Science Journal, 2(3), 22 - 27.

Kronzucker, H. J., Coskum, D., Schulze, L. M., Wong , J. R., & Britto, D. T. (2013). Sodium as Nutrient and Toxicant. Plant and Soil, 369(1-2), 1 - 23. DOI

Landon, J. R. (2014). Booker Tropical Soil Manual: A handbook for Soil Survey and Agricultural Land Evaluation In The Tropics and Subtropics (Second ed.). New York: Routledge. DOI

Liu, Y., He, N., Wen, X., Yu, G., Gao, Y., & Jia, Y. (2016). Patterns and Regulating Mechanisms of Soil Nitrogen Mineralization and Temperature Sensitivity in Chinese Terrestrial Ecosystems. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 215, 40 - 46. DOI

Mouhamad, R., Alsaede, A., & Iqbal, M. (2016). Behaviour of Potassium in Soil: A Mini Review. Chemistry International, 2(1), 58-69.

Nin, Y., Diao, P., Wang, Q., Zhang, Q., Zhao, Z., & Li, Z. (2016). Chapter 13 On-Farm-Produced Organic Amendment on Maintaining and Enhancing Soil Fertility and Nitrogen Availability in Organic or Low Input Agriculture. In M. L. Larramendy, & S. Solneski (Eds.), Organic Fertilizer: From Basic Concepts to Applied Outcomes (pp. 289 - 308). Croatia: InTech. DOI

Nottingham, A. T., Turner, B. I., Whitaker, J., Olsen, N. J., McNamara, N. P., Bardgett, R. D., . . . Meir, P. (2015). Soil Microbial Nutrient Constraints Along A Tropical Forest Elevation Gradient: A Belowground Test of Biogeochemical Paradigm. Biogeoscience, 12, 6071 - 6083. DOI

Olubanjo, O. O., & Yessoufou, M. A. (2019). Effect of Soil Compaction on the Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Zea Mays L. Sustainable Agriculture Research, 46 - 54. DOI

Paramananthan, S. (2020). Chapter 15 Ultisols. In S. Paramananthan (Ed.), Malaysian Soil Taxonomy (Revised Third Edition) (pp. 125 - 167). Petaling Jaya: Agricultural Crop Trust.

Phogat, V. K., Tomar, V. S., & Dahiya, R. (2015). Soil Physical Properties. In Soil Science: An Introduction (pp. 135 - 171). New Delhi: Indian Society of Soil Science.

Prasad, R., & Shihav, Y. S. (2018). Sulphur in Soil, Plant and Human Nutrition. Proceedings of the National Academy Sciences, India Section B: Biological Science, 88(2), 429-434. DOI

Sakya, A. T., Syamsiyah, J., & Panji, D. (2019). The Application of Amendments to Increase Nutrients Absorption of Petiveria Aleaceae L. (Singalawang) in Peat Soils. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. IOP Publishing.

Sarchidanand, B., Mitra, N. G., Vinod, K., Richa, R., & Mishra, B. B. (2019). Soil as A Huge Laboratory for Microorganimsa. Agriculture Research Techbokogy, 22(4), 113 - 138.

Schaberg, P. G., Miller, E. K., & Eaga, C. (2010). Assessing The Threat That Anthropogenic Calcium Depletion Poses to Forest Health and Productivity. In J. M. Pye, M. H. Rauscher, S. Yasmeen, D. C. Lee, & J. S. Beatty (Eds.), Volume 1 and 2 - Advances in Threat Assessment and Their Application to Forest and Rangeland (pp. 37 - 68). Portland: US Department Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest and SOuthern Research Stations.

Shamshuddin, J., & Daud, N. W. (2011). Classification and Management of Highly Weathered Soils in Malaysia for Production of Plantation Crops. Principles, Application and Assessment in Soil Science, 75 - 86. DOI

Shamsuddin, J., & Fauziah, C. I. (2010). Chapter 4: Chemical Properties. In J. Shamsuddin, & C. I. Fauziah (Eds.), Tropical Soils: The Ultisols and Oxisols (pp. 34 - 55). Serdang: Universiti Putra Press.

Shamsuddin, J., Fauziah, C. I., Roslan, I., & Noordin, W. W. (2018). Chapter 2 Ultisols and Oxisols of The Tropics. In J. Shamshuddin, C. I. Fauziah, I. Roslan, & W. W. Noordin (Eds.), 2nd Edition Ultisols and Oxisols: Enhancing Their Productivity for Oil Palm, Rubber and Cocoa Cultivation (pp. 9 - 26). Serdang: Universiti Putra Malaysia Press.

Soong, N. K., & Lau, C. H. (1977). Chapter 2 Physical and Chemical Properties of Soils. In E. Pushparajah, & L. I. Amin, Soils under Hevea [Rubber] and Their Management in Peninsular Malaysia (pp. 25 - 56). Kuala Lumpur: Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia.

Staff of the Soil Survey Division. (2002). Reconnaissance Soil Map of Peninsular Malaysia. Soils and Analytical Services Branch. Division of Agriculture. Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Malaysia.

Sujaul, I. M., Ismail, B. S., Tayeb, M. A., Muhammad Barzani, G., & Sahibin, A. R. (2016). Morphological and Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Soils In The Tasik Chini Catchment in Pahang, Malaysia. Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology, 24(1), 71 - 87.

Sung, C. T., Ishak, C., Abdullah, R., Othman, R., Panhwar, Q. A., & A. Aziz, M. M. (2017). Chapter 5 Soil Properties (Physical, Chemical, Biological, Mechanical). In M. A. Ashraf, R. Othman, & C. F. Ishak, Soils of Malaysia (pp. 103 - 154). Kuala Lumpur: CRC Press. DOI

Swapan, K. R., Anuar, A. R., Kamaruzaman, J., Desa, A., & Ishak, W. W. (2001). Spatial Variability of Soil N, P and K in a Paddy Field. Malaysian Journal of Soil Science, 5, 35 - 45.

Toor, M. D., & Adnan, M. (2020). Role of Soil Microbes in Agriculture; A Review. Open Access Journal of Biogeneric Science and Research, 1 - 5.

United State Department of Agriculture - USDA. (2011). Soil Quality Indicator: Soil Conductivity. United States: Natural Resources Conservation Services.

Wan, X., Huang, Z., He, Z., Yu, Z., Wang, M., Davis, M. R., & Yang , Y. (2015). Soil C:N Ratio is the Major Determinant of Soil Microbial Community Structure in Subtropical Coniferous and Broadleaf Forest Plantations. Plant and Soil, 103 - 116. DOI

Yan, B., & Hou, Y. (2018). Soil Chemical Properties at Different Toposequence and Fertilizers Under Continous Rice Production - A review. In IOP Conf Ser: Earth Environmental Sci Vol 170, pp. 1-5. DOI

Yusof, M. F., Abdullah, R., Azamathulla, H. M., Zakaria, N. A., & Ghani, A. (2011). Modified Soil Erodibility Factor, K for Peninsular Malaysia Soil Series. 3rd International Conference Managing Rivers in the 21st Century: Sustainable Solutions for Global Crisis of Flooding, Pollution and Water Scarcity (pp. 799-909). Pulau Pinang: (RIVER 2011).

Zhang, J., Silong, W., Zongwei, F., & Qingkui, W. (2009). Stability of Soil Organic Carbon Changes in Successive Rotations of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook) Plantations. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 21(3), 352 -359. DOI

Zhenghu, D., Honglang, X., Zhibao, D., Gang, W., & Drake, S. (2007). Morphological, Physical and Chemical Properties of Aeolian Sandy Soils in Northern China. Journal of Arid Environments, 68(1), 66 - 76. DOI




DOI: http://doi.org/10.17503/agrivita.v45i2.3601

Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s)

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.