EVALUATION OF LAND AND WATER MANAGEMENT OPTIONS TO ENHANCE PRODUCTIVITY OF RUBBER PLANTATION USING WaNuLCAS MODEL

Andi Nur Cahyo, Mukand Singh Babel, Avishek Datta, Krishna Chandra Prasad, Roberto Clemente

Abstract


This research aimed to determine the best land and water management by arrangement of plant spacing, irrigation, and drainage of rubber plantation in order to improve rubber plantation productivity. This research was done using The WaNuLCAS (Water, Nutrient and Light Capture in Agroforestry System) model to determine the best land and water management under several scenario combinations of two factors. The first factor was rubber plant spacing arrangement system, which consisted of three levels, i.e. single row (3 x 7 m), single row (3 x 6 m) and double row (2 x 6 x 14 m). The second factor was water management treatment, which consisted of four levels, i.e. without irrigation and drainage, irrigation in dry season, drainage in wet season, and irrigation and drainage in dry and wet season respectively. The results showed that drainage treatment could enhance rubber plantation productivity. Moreover, rubber plantations which were using single row (3 x 7 m), single row (3 x 6 m) and double row (2 x 6 x 14 m) had no significant difference on latex production per hectare.


Keywords


land and water management; rubber plantation; WaNuLCAS

Full Text:

PDF

References


Ayutthaya, S.I.N. 2010. Change of whole-tree transpiration of mature Hevea brasiliensis under soil and atmospheric droughts: analyze in intermittent and seasonal droughts under the framework of the hydraulic limitation hypothesis (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from https://tel. archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00719009 (NNT: 2010CLF22044). (tel-00719009).

Barataud, F., C. Moyne, N. Breda and A. Granier. 1995. Soil water dynamics in an oak stand: II. A model of the soil-root network compared with experimental data. Plant and Soil 172 (1): 29-43. doi: 10.1007/ BF00020857

Bartholomeus, R.P., J.P.M. Witte, P.M. van Bodegom, J.C. van Dam and R. Aerts. 2008. Critical soil conditions for oxygen stress to plant roots: Substituting the feddes-function by a process-based model. Journal of Hydrology 360 (1-4): 147-165. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.07.029

Belmans, C., J. Feyen and D. Hillel. 1979. An attempt at experimental validation of macroscopic-scale models of soil moisture extraction by roots. Soil Science 127 (3): 174-185.

Breda, N., R. Huc, A. Granier and E. Dreyer. 2006. Temperate forest trees and stands under severe drought: a review of ecophysiological responses, adaptation processes and long-term consequences. Annals of Forest Science 63 (6): 625-644. doi: 10.1051/forest:2006042

Dupraz, C. 2002. Tree-crops interaction models: State of the art report. Retrieved from http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/safe/english/results/annual_report/Deliverable1.1.pdf. Accessed on September 15, 2012.

FAO. 2013. Food and Agricultural commodities production. FAOSTAT. Retrieved from: http://faostat.fao.org/site/339/default.aspx. Accessed on April 24, 2013.

Jacob, J.L., J.C. Prevot, D. Roussel, R. Lacrotte, E. Serres, J. d'Auzac, J. M. Eschbach and H. Omont. 1989. Yield limiting factors, latex physiological parameters, latex diagnosis and clonal typology. In: J. d'Auzac, J.L. Jacob and H. Chrestin (Eds.), Physiology of rubber tree latex. Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp. 345-382

Jessy, M.D., M. Mathew, S. Jacob and K.I. Punnoose. 1994. Comparative evaluation of basin and drip systems of irrigation in rubber. Indian Journal of Natural Rubber Research 7 (1): 51-56.

Kennedy, R.A., M.E. Rumpho and T.C. Fox. 1992. Anaerobic metabolism in plants. Plant Physiology 100 (1): 1-6. doi: 10.1104 /pp.100.1.1

Khasanah, N., T. Wijaya, T. June, B. Lusiana and M. van Noordwijk. 2008. Growth of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) in mono-culture and mixed systems with acacia (Acacia mangium) a case study in Sembawa, South Sumatra: II. Simulation using WaNuLCAS model (in Indonesian). Jurnal Penelitian Karet 26 (1): 49-64.

Larcher, W. 2001. Physiological plant ecology: Ecophysiology and stress physiology of functional groups (4th edition). Berlin: Springer-Verlag. pp. 517.

Lascano, R.J. and C.H.M. van Bavel. 1984. Root water uptake and soil water distribution: test of an availability concept. Soil Science Society of America Journal 48 (2): 233-237. doi: 10.2136/sssaj1984. 03615995004800020002x

Lippe, M., N.V. Dung, T.D. Vien, T.T. Kien, T. Hilger and G. Cadisch. 2007. WaNuLCAS modelling of improved swidden agriculture systems by indigenous fallow manage-ment with Melia azedarach in the uplands of Ban Tat, Northern Vietnam. Proceedings from International Agricultural Research for Development Conference (October, 9-11 2007). Germany: University of Kassel-Witzenhausen and University of Göttingen.

Loague, K. and R.E. Green. 1991. Statistical and graphical methods for evaluating solute transport models: Overview and application. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 7 (1-2): 51-73. doi: 10.1016/ 0169-7722(91)90038-3

Mak, S. 2006. Effects of fertilizer and irrigation on yield and quality of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) grown at Chanthaburi province, Thailand (Unpublished Master Thesis). Kasetsart University. Thailand.

Michalczyk, A. 2008. Parameterisation and modelling of growth and yield develop-ment of mango (Mangifera indica L.) in North Thailand with application of the WaNuLCAS model (Unpublished Master Thesis). Humboldt-Universitat Zu Berlin. Berlin.

Radersma, S. and C.K. Ong. 2004. Spatial distribution of root length density and soil water of linear agroforestry systems in sub-humid Kenya: Implications for agroforestry models. Forest Ecology and Management 188 (1-3): 77-89. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2003.07.021

Rao, P.S. and K.R. Vijayakumar. 1992. Climatic requirements. In Sethuraj, M.R. and N.M. Mathew (Eds.), Natural rubber: biology, cultivation and technology. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers. p. 200-219

Rao, P.S. 1993. Water balance in the rubber growing regions. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 20 (1): 56-61.

Rao, P.S., K. Jayarathnam and M.R. Sethuraj. 1993. An index to assess areas hydro-thermally suitable for rubber cultivation. Indian Journal of Natural Rubber Research 6 (1-2): 80-91.

Rao, P.S., C.K. Saraswathyamma and M.R. Sethuraj. 1998. Studies on the relationship between yield and meteorological parameters of para rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 90 (3): 235-245. doi: 10.1016/ S0168-1923(98)00051-3

Rosyid, M.J., G. Wibawa and A. Gunawan. 1997. Rubber based farming systems development for increasing small-holder’ income in Indonesia. Proceedings from Farming System Aspects of the Cultivation of Natural Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) Symposium. Srilanka: International Rubber Research and Development Board.

Rowse, H.R., D.A. Stone and A. Gerwitz. 1978. Simulation of the water distribution in soil: II. The model for cropped soil and its comparison with experiment. Plant and Soil 49 (3): 533-550. doi: 10.1007/ BF02183279

Rubber Research Centre. 2008. Road map: Processing and marketing of rubber (in Indonesian). Palembang: Rubber Re-search Center, Sembawa Research Institute.

Rubber Research Centre. 2011. Field manage-ment report (in Indonesian). Palembang: Rubber Research Center, Sembawa Research Institute.

van Noordwijk, M. and B. Lusiana. 1999. WaNuLCAS, a model of water, nutrient and light capture in agroforestry systems. Agroforestry Systems 43: 217-242.

van Noordwijk, M. and B. Lusiana. 2000. WaNuLCAS version 2.0, Background on a model of water, nutrient and light capture in agroforestry systems. Bogor: International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF). pp. 186.

van Noordwijk, M., B. Lusiana and N. Khasanah. 2004. WaNuLCAS version 3.1, Back-ground on a model of water nutrient and light capture in agroforestry systems. Bogor: International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF). pp. 246.

Vijayakumar, K.R., S.K. Dey, T.R. Chandrasekhar, A.S. Devakumar, T. Mohankrishna, P.S. Rao and M.R. Sethuraj. 1998. Irrigation requirement of rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) in the subhumid tropics. Agricultural Water Management 35 (3): 245-259. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Vijayakumar, K.R., T.R. Chandrashekar and V. Philip. 2000. Agroclimate. In George, P.J. and C.K. Jacob (Eds.), Natural rubber: Agromanagement and crop processing. Kerala: Rubber Research Institute of India. p. 97-116.

Webster, C.C. and E. J. Baulkwill. 1989. Rubber. New York: John Wiley and Son. pp. 614.

World Agroforestry Centre. 2012. WaNuLCAS, a model of Water, Nutrient and Light Capture in Agroforestry Systems. http:// www.worldagroforestry.org/regions/southeast_asia/resources/wanulcas.Accessed on September 13, 2012

Zaidi, P.H., S. Rafique, P.K. Rai, N.N. Singh and G. Srinivasan. 2004. Tolerance to excess moisture in maize (Zea mays L.): Sus-ceptible crop stages and identification of tolerant genotypes. Field Crops Research 90 (2-3): 189-202. doi: 10.1016/j.fcr. 2004.03.002




DOI: http://doi.org/10.17503/agrivita.v38i1.583

Copyright (c) 2016 AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science

License URL: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/