AN INTERACTION MODEL BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND BLACK RICE GROWTH IN IRRIGATED ORGANIC PADDY FIELD

Budiman Budiman, Endang Arisoesilaningsih

Abstract


Black rice production in organic farming system does not meet the demand of local customers because of its low productivity. This research aimed to set an interaction model using multivariate analysis via smartPLS to identify environmental factors which simultaneously affects the growth of black rice. The growth of black rice in two irrigated organic paddy field in Malang, Indonesia was observed during planting period from November 2011 to March 2012. In each rice field, the growth was periodically recorded during planting periods: 19-29 days after planting (dap), 41-45 dap, 62-66 dap, 77-81 dap, 90-94 dap and 104-106 dap. Environmental factors such as water quantities, soil conditions, weed communities and cultivation system around the black rice population were also measured. Black rice growth was influenced simultaneously by water quantities, soil, weed communities and cultivating systems with predictive-relevance value reaching 92.83%. Based on the model, water quantities in paddy field is a key factor which directly and indirectly determined the growth and productivity of black rice.


Keywords


black rice growth; environmental factors; interaction model; organic paddy field

Full Text:

PDF

References


Budiman, E. Arisoesilaningsih and R.B.E. Wibowo. 2012. Growth Adaptation of Two Indonesian Black Rice Origin NTT Cultivating In Organic Paddy Field, Malang-East Java. J.Trop.Life.Sciences 2 (3): 77 – 80.

Chen, P.N., W.H. Kuo, C.L. Chiang, H.L. Chiou, Y.S. Hsieh and S.C. Chu. 2006. Black rice anthocyanins inhibit cancer cells invasion via repressions of MMPs and u-PA expression. Chemico-Biological Interactions 163: 218–229.

De Datta, S.K. and B.S. Vergera. 1996. Cereals. Prosea Foundation. Bogor. pp 106-115.

Ghozali, I. 2008. Structural Equation Modeling: alternative method with Partial Least Square (PLS). 2nd ed. Diponegoro University, Semarang.

Kim, J.Y., M.H. Do and S.S. Lee. 2006. The effects of a mixture of brown and black rice on lipid profiles and antioxidant status in rats. Ann Nutr Metab. 50: 347–353.

Leesawatwong, M., S. Jamjod, J. Kuo, B. Dell, and B. Rerkasem. 2005. Nitrogen fertilizer increases seed protein and milling quality of rice. Cereal Chemistry. 82 (5): 588-593.

Naharia, O., M.S. Saeni, S. Sabihan and H. Burhan. 2005. Technology of irrigation and soil cultivation on paddy fields for methane mitigation (in Indonesian). Berita Biologi 7 (4): 173-180.

Pringgohandoko, B. 2004. Effects of water deficit and high temperature during grain filling on wheat yield. BIOTA 9 (3): 186-193.

Rao, S.A., J.M. Schiller, C. Bounphanousay, P. Inthapanya and M.T. Jackson. 2006. The colored pericarp (black) rice of Laos in J.M. Schiller, M.B. Chanphengxay, B. Linguist and S.A. Rao (ed.). Rice in Laos. International Rice Research Institute. Manila. pp. 175-186.

Retnaningdyah, C. and E. Arisoesilaningsih. 2012. Analysis of suitability index of ecology in feasibility study in water for irrigation in Malang City (in Indonesian). Research Report of Staff Research Grant I-MHERE. Universitas Brawijaya, Malang.

Salqado, J.M., A.G.C. de Oliveira, D.N. Mansi, C.M.D. Pestana, C.R. Bastos and F.K. Marcondes. 2010. The role of black rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the control of hypercholesterolemia in rats. J. Med. Food 13 (6): 1355–1362.

Sanusan, S., A. Polthanee, A. Audebert, S. Seripong and J.C. Mouret. 2010. Growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) as affected by cultivars, seedling depth and water deficit at vegetative stage. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 9 (1): 36-43.

Sari-Gorla, M.D. Krayewski, N. Difanzo, M. Villa and C. Frova. 1999. Drought tolerance and molecular markers. Rice Biotechnology Quart. 40: 14-15.

Senewiratne, S.T. and D.S. Mikkelsen. 1961. Physiological factors limiting growth and yield of Oryza sativa under unflooded condition. Plant and Soil 14 (2): 127-146.

Skerman, P.J. and F. Riveros. 1990. Tropical grasses. FAO Plant Production and Protection Series 23. FAO. Roma. pp. 508-511.

Solimun and A.A.R. Fernandes. 2008. Structural equation modeling approach PLS and SEM: application of smartPLS and AMOS software. Laboratory of Statistics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Brawijaya University. Malang.

Udayasoorian, C., S.P. Sebastian and R.M. Jayabalakrishnan. 2009. Effect of amendments on problem soils with poor quality irrigation water under sugarcane crop. America-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci. 5 (5): 618-626.

Wang, Q., P. Han, M. Zhang, M. Xia, H. Zhu, J. Ma, M. Hou, Z. Tang and W. Ling. 2007. Supplementation of black rice pigment fraction improves antioxidant and anti-inflammatory status in patients with coronary heart disease. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. 16 (1): 295-301.

Xia, X., W. Ling, J. Ma, M. Xia, M. Hou, Q. Wang, H. Zhu and Z. Tang. 2006. An anthocyanin-rich extract from black rice enhances atherosclerotic plaque stabilization in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. J. Nutr. 136: 2220-2225.

Zawistowski, J., A. Kopec and D.D. Kitts. 2009. Effects of a black rice extract (Oryza sativa L. indica) on cholesterol levels and plasma lipid parameters in Wistar Kyoto rats. Journal of Functional Foods 1 (1): 50-56.

Zhu F., Y.Z. Cai, J.S. Bao and H. Corke. 2010. Effect of γ-Irradiation on Phenolic Compounds in Rice Grain. Food Chemistry 120: 74-7.




DOI: http://doi.org/10.17503/agrivita.v37i1.483

Copyright (c) 2015 AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science

License URL: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/