Early Detection of Fungicide Resistance Through Sensitivity Testing of Various Fungicide Active Ingredients and Genetic Variation of Downy Mildew-Causing Peronosclerospora maydis from Maize (Corn) Production Centers in Java, Indonesia

Satriyo Restu Adhi, Fitri Widiantini, Endah Yulia

Abstract


Maize downy mildew disease in Java, caused by Peronosclerospora maydis, can cause yield losses of up to 100%. Disease management of downy mildew using synthetic fungicides has been reported to cause resistance to P. maydis. This study identified early fungicide resistance in P. maydis from several maize production centers in Java (Blitar, Kediri, Klaten, Cianjur, Garut, Jatinangor, Rancakalong, and Sukabumi) by examining fungicide sensitivity levels and detecting genetic variation. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Biotechnology of Plant Protection, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran from November 2018 to August 2019. The results showed that isolates from Blitar and Kediri (East Java) indicated resistance to metalaxyl and fenamidone. While in general, P. maydis isolates from West Java and Central Java still have sensitivity to metalaxyl, dimethomorph, fenamidone, and oxathiapiproline. Oxathiapiproline was the most effective fungicide in damaging P. maydis conidia in all locations. Based on the results of molecular identification, there is intraspecies genetic variation based on phylogenetic analysis.


Keywords


Dimetomorph; Fenamidone; Metalaxyl; Mutation; Oxathiapiproline

Full Text:

PDF

References


Adhi, S. R., Widiantini, F., & Yulia, E. (2021). Variasi Morfometri dan Patogenisitas Peronosclerospora spp. Penyebab Penyakit Bulai Jagung di Pulau Jawa, Indonesia. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia, 17(5), 173–182. DOI

Badan Pusat Statistik. (2018). Provinsi Jawa Timur Dalam Angka 2018. Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Jawa Timur. website

Beckerman, J. L. (2013). Detection of Fungicide Resistance. In M. Nita (Ed.), Fungicides - Showcases of Integrated Plant Disease Management from Around the World (pp. 281–310). InTech. DOI

Bock, C. H., Jeger, M. J., Mughogho, L. K., Cardwell, K. F., Mtisi, E., Kaula, G., & Mukansabimana, D. (2000). Variability of Peronosclerospora sorghi isolates from different geographic locations and hosts in Africa. Mycological Research, 104(1), 61–68. DOI

Bonde, M. R. (1982). Epidemiology of downy mildew diseases of maize, sorghum and pearl millet. Tropical Pest Management, 28(1), 49–60. DOI

Bradley, C. A., Hollier, C., & Kelly, H. (2016). Principles of Fungicide Resistance (pp. 1–5). Fungicide Resistance Action Comitee (FRAC). PDF

Burhanuddin. (2015). Masalah penyakit bulai dan alternatif pemecahannya di Kecamatan Pagu Kabupaten Kediri Propinsi Jawa Timur. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Serealia, 375–380. website

Chen, F., Zhou, Q., Xi, J., Li, D., Schnabel, G., & Zhan, J. (2018). Analysis of RPA190 revealed multiple positively selected mutations associated with metalaxyl resistance in Phytophthora infestans. Pest Management Science, 74(8), 1916–1924. DOI

Chen, J.-J., & Zheng, X.-B. (2019). Pythium subutonaiense, a new aquatic oomycete from Southern China based on morphological and molecular Characters. Mycobiology, 47(3), 1–7. DOI

Cohen, Y. (2015). The novel oomycide oxathiapiprolin inhibits all stages in the asexual life cycle of Pseudoperonospora cubensis - causal agent of cucurbit downy mildew. PLoS ONE, 10(10), 1–22. DOI

Crouch, J. A., Davis, W. J., Shishkoff, N., Castroagudín, V. L., Martin, F., Michelmore, R., & Thines, M. (2022). Peronosporaceae species causing downy mildew diseases of Poaceae, including nomenclature revisions and diagnostic resources. Fungal Systematics and Evolution, 9(June), 43–86. DOI

Damicone, J. (2008). Fungicide resistance management. In Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Fact Sheet (Vol. 1, pp. 1–8). Oklahoma State University. PDF

Department of Environmental Conservation. (2015). Active Ingredient Data Package Metalaxyl and Mefenoxam (Vol. 4). PDF

Eliestya, S., Anto, A., & Suriansyah. (2014). Teknologi Budidaya Jagung dengan Pendekatan PTT (R. Massinai (ed.); 1st ed.). Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP). PDF

Fisher, D. J., & Hayes, A. L. (1982). Mode of action of the systemic fungicides furalaxyl, metalaxyl and ofurace. Pesticide Science, 13(3), 330–339. DOI

Fisher, D. J., & Hayes, A. L. (1984). Studies of mechanisms of metalaxyl fungitoxicity and resistance to metalaxyl. Crop Protection, 3(2), 177–185. DOI

Frederiksen, R. A. (1980). Sorghum downy mildew in the United States: Overview and Outlook. Plant Disease, 64(10), 903–908. DOI

Fungicide Resistance Action Comitee. (2017). First meeting of the FRAC OSBPI working group. website

Fungicide Resistance Action Comitee. (2018). FRAC Code List 2018: fungicide sorted by mode of action (including FRAC Code numbering). In Frac Code List. website

Gao, R., & Zhang, G. (2013). Potential of DNA barcoding for detecting quarantine fungi. Phytopathology, 103(11), 1103–1107. DOI

Gisi, U., & Sierotzki, H. (2015). Oomycete Fungicides: Phenylamides, Quinone Outside Inhibitors, and Carboxylic Acid Amides. In H. Ishii & D. Hollomon (Eds.), Fungicide Resistance in Plant Pathogens (pp. 145–174). Springer Japan. DOI

Gisi, Ulrich, & Sierotzki, H. (2008). Fungicide modes of action and resistance in downy mildews (A. Lebeda, P. T. N. Spencer-Phillips, & B. M. Cooke (eds.); pp. 157–167). Springer Netherlands. DOI

Hamilton, D. (2002). Metalaxyl-m (212) (Issue 212). PDF

Hobbelen, P. H. F., Peveley, N. D., & Bosch, F. (2014). The Emergence of Resistance to Fungicides. PLoS ONE, 9(3), 1–14. DOI

Hudspeth, D. S. S., Nadler, S. A., & Hudspeth, M. E. S. (2000). A COX2 molecular phylogeny of the Peronosporomycetes. Mycologia, 92(4), 674–684. DOI

Ishii, H. (2006). Impact of fungicide resistance in plant pathogens on crop disease control and agricultural environment. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly, 40(3), 205–211. DOI

Kammarnjesadakul, P., Palaga, T., Sritunyalucksana, K., Mendoza, L., Krajaejun, T., Vanittanakom, N., Tongchusak, S., Denduangboripant, J., & Chindamporn, A. (2011). Phylogenetic analysis of Pythium insidiosum Thai strains using cytochrome oxidase II (COX II) DNA coding sequences and internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS). Medical Mycology, 49(3), 289–295. DOI

Kughur, P. G., & Audu, O. (2015). Effects of intensive agricultural production on the environment in Benue State, Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS), 8(8), 7–11. DOI

León, C. De. (1984). Maize Diseases: a guide for field identification (1st ed.). CIMMYT. website

Lukman, R., Afifuddin, A., & Lubberstedt, T. (2013). Unraveling the genetic diversity of maize downy mildew in Indonesia. Journal of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, 4(2), 2–9. DOI

Mathiyazhagan, S., Karthikeyan, M., Sandosskumar, R., & Velazhahan, R. (2008). Analysis of variability among the isolates of Peronosclerospora sorghi from sorghum and cornbased on restriction fragment length polymorphismof ITS region of ribosomal DNA. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 41(1), 31–37. DOI

Muis, A., Nonci, N., & Pabendon, M. B. (2016). Geographical distribution of Peronosclerospora spp., the causal organism of maize downy mildew, in Indonesia. AAB Bioflux, 8(3), 143–155. PDF

Muis, A., Ryley, M. J., Tan, Y. P., Suharjo, R., Nonci, N., Danaatmadja, Y., Hidayat, I., Widiastuti, A., Widinugraheni, S., Shivas, R. G., & Thines, M. (2023). Peronosclerospora neglecta sp. nov.—a widespread and overlooked threat to corn (maize) production in the tropics. Mycological Progress, 22(2), 1–7. DOI

Muis, A., Suriani, Kalqunty, S. H., & Nonci, N. (2018). Penyakit Bulai pada Tanaman Jagung dan Upaya Pengendaliannya (1st ed.). Penerbit Deepublish.

Pasteris, R. J., Hanagan, M. A., Bisaha, J. J., Finkelstein, B. L., Hoffman, L. E., Gregory, V., Shepherd, C. P., Andreassi, J. L., Sweigard, J. A., Klyashchitsky, B. A., Henry, Y. T., & Berger, R. A. (2015). The Discovery of Oxathiapiprolin: A New, Highly-Active Oomycete Fungicide with a Novel Site of Action. In P. Maienfisch & T. M. Stevenson (Eds.), Discovery and Synthesis of Crop Protection Products (Vol. 1204, pp. 11–149). American Chemical Society. DOI

Pusdatin. (2020a). Outlook Jagung 2020: Komoditas Pertanian Subsektor Tanaman Pangan. In Pusat Data dan Sistem Informasi Pertanian Kementrian Pertanian. website

Pusdatin. (2020b). Statistik Iklim, Organisme Pengganggu Tanaman dan Dampak Perubahan Iklim 2017-2020. PDF

Randall, E., Young, V., Sierotzki, H., Scalliet, G., Birch, P. R. J., Cooke, D. E. L., Csukai, M., & Whisson, S. . (2014). Sequence diversity in the large subunit of RNA polymerase I contributes to Mefenoxam insensitivity in Phytophthora infestans. Molecular Plant Pathology, 15(7), 664–676. DOI

Rashid, Z., Zaidi, P. H., Vinayan, M. T., Sharma, S. S., & Setty, T. A. S. (2013). Downy mildew resistance in maize (Zea mays L.) across Peronosclerospora species in lowland tropical Asia. Crop Protection, 43, 183–191. DOI

Robideau, G. P., Cock, A. W. A. M., Coffey, M. D., Voglmayr, H., Brouwer, H., Bala, K., Chitty, D. W., Desaulniers, N., Eggerston, Q. A., Gachon, C. M. M., Hu, C. H., Kupper, F. C., Rintoul, T. L., Sarhan, E., Verstappen, E. C. P., Zhang, Y., Bonants, P. J. M., Ristaino, J. B., & Levesque, C. A. (2011). DNA barcoding of oomycetes with cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and internal transcribed spacer. Molecular Ecology Resources, 11(6), 1002–1011. DOI

Rustiani, U. S. (2015). Keragaman dan Pemetaan Penyebab Penyakit Bulai Jagung di 13 Provinsi Indonesia [Dissertation Institut Pertanian Bogor]. In Insitut Pertanian Bogor Repository. website

Rustiani, U. S., Sinaga, M. S., Hidayat, S. H., & Wiyono, S. (2015). Tiga spesies Peronosclerospora penyebab penyakit bulai jagung di Indonesia. Berita Biologi, 14(1), 29–37. website

Sierotzki, H., Quaranta, L., Müller, U., & Gisi, U. (2019). Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors: Metalaxyl-M. In P. Jeschke, M. Witschel, W. Kramer, & U. Schrimer (Eds.), Modern Crop Protection Compounds (1st ed., pp. 949–958). Wiley. DOI

Singh, S. D., Bal, S., & Thakur, D. P. (1996). Problems and strategies in the control of downy mildew. Proceedings of the International Pearl Millet Workshop, 1–12. PDF

Studholme, D. J., Panda, P., Stowasser, E. S. V., Gomzalez, M., Hill, R., Sambles, C., Grant, M., Williams, N. M., & McDougal, R. L. (2019). Genome sequencing of oomycete isolates from Chile supports the New Zealand origin of Phytophthora kernoviae and makes available the first Nothophytophthora sp. genome. Molecular Plant Pathology, 20(3), 423–431. DOI

Toffolatti, S. L., Prandato, M., Serrati, L., Sierotzki, H., Gisi, U., & Vercessi, A. (2011). Evolution of Qol resistance in Plasmopara viticola oospores. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 129(2), 331–338. DOI

Waceke, J. W., & Kimenju, J. . W. (2007). Intensive subsistence agriculture: impacts, challenges and possible interventions. Dynamic Soil, Dynamic Plant, 1(1), 43–53. PDF

Widiantini, F., Yulia, E., & Purnama, T. (2015). Morphological variation of Peronosclerospora maydis, the causal agent of maize downy mildew from different locations in Java-Indonesia. Journal of Agricultural Engineering and Biotechnology, 3(2), 23–27. DOI

Yang, C., Hamel, C., Vujanovic, V., & Gan, Y. (2011). Fungicide: modes of action and possible impact on nontarget microorganisms. ISRN Ecology, 2011, 1–8. DOI

Zubachtirodin, Saenong, S., Pabbage, M. S., Azrai, M., Setyorini, D., Kartaatmadja, S., & Kasim, F. (2016). Pedoman Umum PTT Jagung (3rd ed.). Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan. website




DOI: http://doi.org/10.17503/agrivita.v46i2.4276

Copyright (c) 2024 The Author(s)

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.