Production of Feed Crops for Local Dairy Goats Using an Integrated Farming System

Tri Eko Susilorini, Kuswati Kuswati, Rini Dwi Wahyuni, Puguh Surjowardojo, Suyadi Suyadi

Abstract


This investigation aimed to identify the production and composition of crops as feed, classify the types of integrated farming in different locations, and compare dairy goats based on their morphometric characteristics. The data used were collected from July to November, 2021 in the Malang, Lumajang, and Bangkalan regencies of Indonesia, via a survey and direct observations. Descriptive, multivariate, and variance analyses were adopted using RStudio to analyze the collected data. In Malang and Lumajang, farmers adopted agroforestry, alley cropping, and cover crops as the main types of integrated farming. The integrated farming adopted by the farmers in Malang, Bangkalan, and Lumajang helped to explain the differences in forage crops. Calliandra calothyrsus, Indigofera zollingeriana, and Thitonia diversifolia are non-grasses having high levels of average production. In Lumajang, farmers provided only a few combinations with Calliandra which was the most intensively grown crop. In Malang, six crops were combined for the dairy goat feed. Pennisetum purpureum was the crop most intensely grown to feed the PE (Etawa crossbred). In Bangkalan, Pote-Arosbaya goats were fed a combination of eight crops. Moringa oleifera, Bambusa sp., Artocarpus heterophyllus, and natural grasses were the most popular feed crops. In Malang and Lumajang, the PE Singosari and Senduro goats had a high degree of similarity based on their morphometric characteristics, respectively.

Keywords


Calliandra calothyrsus; Dairy goats; Forage crops; Pennisetum purpureum

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abecia, L., Balcells, J., Toral, P. G., Martín-García, A. I., Martínez, G., Tomkins, N. W., ... Yáñez-Ruiz, D. R. (2012). Improving dairy goat productivity with concomitant mitigation of methane. Proceedings of the 1st Asia Dairy Goat Conference, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 9–12 April 2012, Plenary 4 (pp. 31-35). APHCA, UPM, FAO. Retrieved from website

Agegnehu, G. (2018). Soil fertility and crop management research on cool-season food legumes in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 28(1), 95-109. Retrieved from website

Arraushany, A. (2017). Kambing pote arosbaya si “uranium” Kabupaten Bangkalan yang perlu segera dikelola. Retrieved from website

Bekuma, A. A., Terpolilli, J. J., Tiwari, R. P., O’Hara, G. W., & Howieson, J. G. (2021). Biserrula pelecinus L. is a promising forage legume for the central Ethiopian highlands. Grass and Forage Science, 76 105-115. DOI

Budiman, Soetrisno, R. D., Budhi, S. P. S., & Indrianto, A. (2012). Morphological characteristics, productivity and quality of three napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum) cultivars harvested at different age. Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture, 37(4), 294–301. DOI

Capstaff, N. M., & Miller, A. J. (2018). Improving the yield and nutritional quality of forage crops. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 1–18. DOI

Carneiro, H., Louvandini, H., Paiva, S. R., Macedo, F., Mernies, B., & McManus, C. (2010). Morphological characterization of sheep breeds in Brazil, Uruguay and Colombia. Small Ruminant Research, 94(1-3), 58-65. DOI

Chaudhry, A. S. (2008). Forage based animal production systems and sustainability, an invited keynote. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 37, 78–84. DOI

Cheng, H., Jin, B., Luo, K., Pei, J., Zhang, X., Zhang, Y., … Sun, G. (2021). Vegetation response to goats grazing intensity in semiarid hilly Grassland of the loess Plateau, Lanzhou, China. Sustainability, 13(6), 3569. DOI

Chin, N. H., & Hue, K. T. (2012). Supplementing Tithonia diversifolia with Guinea grass or tree foliages: Effects on feed intake and live weight gain of growing goats. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 24(10), 188. Retrieved from website

Ciptadi, G., Ihsan, M. N., Budiarto, A., Mudawamah, M., Putri, A. I., & Naufal, M. N. A. (2019). Reproductive characters of senduro goat at Lumajang District East Java. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1146, 012033. DOI

Coppa, M., Chassaing, C., Sibra, C., Cornu, A., Verbič, J., Golecký, J., … Martin, B. (2019). Forage system is the key driver of mountain milk specificity. Journal of Dairy Science, 102(11), 10483–10499. DOI

Dawson, I. K., Carsan, S., Franzel, S., Kindt, R., van Breugel, P., Graudal, L., … Jamnadass, R. (2014). Agroforestry, livestock, fodder production and climat change adaptation and mitigation in East Africa: issues and options. ICRAF Working Paper No. 178. Nairobi, World Agroforestry Centre. DOI

de Barros Nascimento de Medeiros, R., Gomes Arandas, J. K., Silva Cavalcante, P. O., da Silva, N. M. V., de Oliveira, J. C. V., & Ribeiro, M. N. (2020). Is multivariate analysis a useful tool to assess the morphometric profile of endangered goats? Small Ruminant Research, 190, 106175. DOI

de Figueiredo, A. P. M., Medeiros, R. M. T., Dantas, F. P. M., Leite, A. L. D., Fighera, R. A., & Riet-Correa, F. (2012). Intoxicação experimental por indigofera suffruticosa em caprinos e ovinos. Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira, 32(2), 126–130. DOI

De Vasconcelos, A. M., Osterno, J. J., Rogério, M. C. P., Façanha, D. A. E., Landim, A. V., Pinheiro, A. A., … Ferreira, J. B. (2021). Adaptive profile of Saanen goats in tropical conditions. Biological Rhythm Research, 52(5), 748-758. DOI

Faisol, A. (2022). Akan dipatenkan sebagai rumpun unik di dunia, kambing pote Bangkalan diteliti Tim Unibraw Malang. Retrieved from website

Fikadu, T., Bekuma, W., Tesfaye, W., & Furgasa, M. (2021). Adaptability study of brachiaria grass accessions for forage yield and nutritive value in lowlands of East Oromia, Ethiopia. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 6(2), 42-46. DOI

Gipson, T. A., Goetsch, A. L., Detweiler, G., & Sahlu, T. (2007). Effects of feeding method, diet nutritive value and physical form and genotype on feed intake, feeding behavior and growth performance by meat goats. Small Ruminant Research, 71(1–3), 170–178. DOI

Goetsch, A. L. (2019). Recent advances in the feeding and nutrition of dairy goats. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 32(8), 1296–1305. DOI

Gomes, K. A. R., Valentim, J. K., Lemke, S. S. R., Dallago, G. M., Vargas, R. C., & da Costa Paiva, A. L. (2018). Behavior of saanen dairy goats in an enriched environment. Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences, 40(1), e42454. DOI

Goodman, L. A. (1961). Snowball sampling. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 32(1), 148–170. DOI

Ibnelbachyr, M., Boujenane, I., & Chikhi, A. (2015). Morphometric differentiation of Moroccan indigenous Draa goat based on multivariate analysis. Animal Genetic Resources/Ressources Génétiques Animales/Recursos Genéticos Animales, 57, 81-87. DOI

Kinuthia, M. N., Wanyoike, M. M., Gachuiri, C. K., & Wakhungu, J. W. (2007). Effect of supplementing weaner goats with graded levels of Calliandra calothyrsus and Lucerne (Medicago sativa) on feed intake and weight gain. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 19(8), 1–9. Retrieved from website

Klichowska, E., Nobis, M., Piszczek, P., Błaszkowski, J., & Zubek, S. (2019). Soil properties rather than topography, climatic conditions, and vegetation type shape AMF–feathergrass relationship in semi-natural European grasslands. Applied Soil Ecology, 144, 22-30. DOI

Kronqvist, C., Kongmanila, D., & Wredle, E. (2021). Effects of replacing grass with foliage on growth rate and feed intake in goats—a systematic review and meta-analysis. Animals, 11(11), 3163. DOI

Laroche, G., Domon, G., Gélinas, N., Doyon, M., & Olivier, A. (2019). Integrating agroforestry intercropping systems in contrasted agricultural landscapes: a SWOT-AHP analysis of stakeholders’ perceptions. Agroforestry Systems, 93(3), 947–959. DOI

Lee, M. A. (2018). A global comparison of the nutritive values of forage plants grown in contrasting environments. Journal of Plant Research, 131(4), 641–654. DOI

Menteri Pertanian. (2012). Nomor 2389/Kpts/LB.430/8/2012 tentang Penetapan Rumpun Domba Sapudi. Retrieved from PDF

Menteri Pertanian. (2014). Nomor 1055/Kpts/SR.120/10/2014 tentang Penetapan Galur Kambing Senduro. Retrieved from PDF

Moradi, G., & Vacik, H. (2018). Relationship between vegetation types, soil and topography in Southern forests of Iran. Journal of Forestry Research, 29, 1635–1644. DOI

Muhammad, H. A., Garba, Y., & Ogah, D. M. (2021). Multivariate analysis of morphometric differentiation in the red sokoto and boer goats. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 9(4), 595-603. DOI

Muir, J. P., Pitman, W. D., & Foster, J. L. (2011). Sustainable, low-input, warm-season, grass-legume grassland mixtures: Mission (nearly) impossible? Grass and Forage Science, 66(3), 301–315. DOI

Ofori, S. A., Hagan, J. K., & Kyei, F. (2021). Morphometric characterization and differentiation of West African Dwarf goat populations in Ghana. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 53, 69. DOI

Otuma, M. O., Omeje, S. L., Alaku, S. O., & Ogah, F. (2000). Growth performance of Red Sokoto and West African dwarf goats fed on native pastures supplemented with concentrate ration. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 27(1), 77–80. DOI

Philp, J. N. M., Vance, W., Bell, R. W., Chhay, T., Boyd, D., Phimphachanhvongsod, V., & Denton, M. D. (2019). Forage options to sustainably intensify smallholder farming systems on tropical sandy soils. A review. In Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 39, 30. DOI

Reynolds, L., & Jabbar, M. (1994). The role of alley farming in African livestock production. Outlook on Agriculture, 23(2), 105–113. DOI

Rifa’i, Afikasari, D., & Anggriawan, R. (2021). Bobot lahir anak kambing Peranakan Etawa (PE) dan Senduro di Kecamatan Singosari Kabupaten Malang. Jurnal Agriovet, 3(2), 85-90. DOI

Rochana, A., Indriani, N. P., Ayuningsih, B., Hernaman, I., Dhalika, T., Rahmat, D., & Suryanah, S. (2016). Feed forage and nutrition value at altitudes during the dry season in the West Java. Animal Production, 18(2), 85-93. DOI

Rusmayadi, G., Zulhidiani, R., & Bahrani. (2020). Regrowth of napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach) with the bio-pore infiltration hole in the Tropical Riparian Moonson Region. Journal of Agriculture and Applied Biology, 1(1), 18–24. DOI

Salaheen, S., & Biswas, D. (2019). Organic farming practices: Integrated culture versus monoculture. Safety and Practice for Organic Food, 2019, 23-32. DOI

Setyono, W., Kustantinah, K., Indarto, E., Dono, N. D., Zuprizal, Z., & Zulfa, I. H. (2019). Calliandra calothyrsus and Artocarpus heterophyllus as anti-parasite for Bligon goat. Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture, 44(4), 400–407. DOI

Sharma, R., Chaudhry, S., Kudrat, M., Tiwari, A. K., Sharma, N. K., & Sharma, S. (2012). Vegetation types and their relationship with different topographic variables in the Kumaun Himalayan region. International Journal of Ecology and Development, 23(3), 1762. Retrieved from website

Simanihuruk, K., & Sirait, J. (2009). Pemanfaatan leguminosa pohon Indigofera sp. sebagai pakan basal kambing boerka fase pertumbuhan. Paper presented at Seminar Nasional Peternakan Dan Veteriner 2009 (pp. 449-455). Retrieved from website

Sirait, J., Simanihuruk, K., & Hutasoit, R. (2012). Potensi Indigofera sp. sebagai pakan kambing: Produksi, nilai nutrisi dan palatabilitas. Pastura, 1(2), 56–60. DOI

Suharlina, Astuti, D. A., Nahrowi, Jayanegara, A., & Abdullah, L. (2016). Nutritional evaluation of dairy goat rations containing Indigofera zollingeriana by using in vitro rumen fermentation technique (RUSITEC). International Journal of Dairy Science, 11(3), 100–105. DOI

Sumartono, Hartutik, Nuryadi, & Suyadi. (2016). Productivity index of etawah crossbred goats at different altitude in Lumajang District, East Java Province, Indonesia. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 9(4), 24–30. Retrieved from PDF

Susilorini, T. E., Furqon, A., Ridhowi, A., Murthadho, A., Putra, N. D., & Palayakun, J. (2020). Phenotypic characteristic of doe senduro goat in Senduro Sub District, Lumajang Regency. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 478(1), 6–9. DOI

Suyadi. (2022). Kembangkan bibit kambing melalui sistem digital smart farming, Fapet UB gandeng Dinas Peternakan Jatim. Retrieved from website

Thang, C. M., Sanh, M. V., & Wiktorsson, H. (2008). Effects of supplementation of mixed cassava (Manihot esculenta) and legume (Phaseolus calcaratus) fodder on the rumen degradability and performance of growing cattle. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 21(1): 66-74. DOI

Thornton, P. K., & Herrero, M. (2001). Integrated crop-livestock simulation models for scenario analysis and impact assessment. Agricultural Systems, 70(2–3), 581–602. DOI

Tosto, M. S. L., de Araújo, G. G. L., Pereira, L. G. R., de Carvalho, G. G. P., Di Mambro Ribeiro, C. V., & Cirne, L. G. A. (2021). Intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance and performance of crossbreed Boer goats fed with diets containing saltbush (Atriplex nummularia L.) and spineless cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica). Tropical Animal Health and Production, 53, 361. DOI

Yahya, H. (2021). Potensi peternakan kambing saperos sangat menjanjikan. Retrieved from website

Yakubu, A., Salako, A. E., & Imumorin, I. G. (2010). Multivariate analysis of spatial patterns of morphological traits in West African dwarf goats in three agro-ecological zones of Nigeria. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 38(2), 257-260. DOI

Yakubu, A., Salako, A. E., Imumorin, I. G., Ige, A. O., & Akinyemi, M. O. (2011). Discriminant analysis of morphometric differentiation in the West African Dwarf and Red Sokoto goats. South African Journal of Animal Science, 40(4), 381-387. DOI

Yoku, O. (2016). Potensi produksi hijauan dan komposisi kimia rumput Sudan (Sorghum sudanense) sebagai sumber hijauan pakan lokal di wilayah Papua. Pastura, 6(1), 15-18. DOI

Zaitoun, I. S., Tabbaa, M. J., & Bdour, S. (2005). Differentiation of native goat breeds of Jordan on the basis of morphostructural characteristics. Small Ruminant Research, 56(1–3), 173-182. DOI




DOI: http://doi.org/10.17503/agrivita.v44i2.3803

Copyright (c) 2022 The Author(s)

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.