Notes on the Citrus Rust Mite, Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead), as a Major Pest of Citrus in Indonesia

Retno Dyah Puspitarini, Otto Endarto

Abstract


Most citrus farmers in Indonesia believed that rust on citrus fruits resulted from insect attacks. This research aims to determine the cause of rust on citrus fruit and its damage intensity. The study was carried out in commercial citrus plantations in three provinces, on Citrus sinensis and C. reticulata plantations in East Java, C. reticulata and C. suhuensis in West Kalimantan and C. suhuensis in North Sumatra. An additional observation was also conducted to collect mite specimens on citrus plantations in Malang, East Java. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and light microscope were used to observe and identify each collected sample. Results showed that the cause of rust-colored citrus fruit in three provinces is the citrus rust mite, Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead). It belongs to the family Eriophyidae with two pairs of legs with regular segmentation, five-rayed featherclaws, and a net pattern on prodorsum. The specific damage produced by this mite is rust-colored symptoms. Damage intensity of citrus rust mite in tree provinces averaging 32.6%, ranging from 30 to 40%, and ca. the mite attacks 90% of citrus fruits. Predaceous mites, predaceous insects, and entomo-acaropathogenic fungi are found on plantations.

Keywords


Citrus rust mite; Damage intensity; Natural enemies; Symptoms

Full Text:

PDF

References


Al-Azzazy, M. M., & Alhewairini, S. S. (2020). Effet of temperature and humidity on development, reproduction, and predation rate of Amblyseius swirskii (Phytoseiidae) fed on Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Eriophyidae) and Eutetranychus orientalis (Tetranychidae). International Journal of Acarology, 46(5), 304-312. DOI

Davis, R. S. (2011). Eriophyid mites: bud, blister, gall, and rust mites. Old Main Hill, Logan UT: Utah State University. Retrieved from website

Fadamiro, H. Y., Xiao, Y., Nesbitt, M., & Childers, C. C. (2009). Diversity and seasonal abundance of predacious mites in Alabama Satsuma citrus. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 102(4), 617–628. DOI

FAO. (2017). Citrus fruit fresh and processed. Statistical Bulletin 2016. Rome, IT: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved from PDF

Florida Division of Plant Industry. (2007). Citrus rust mite (Phyllocoptruta oleivora) (Ashmead, 1879). 5198035. Florida. Retrieved from website

Futch, S. H., Childers, C. C., & Mccoy, C. W. (2017). A guide to citrus mite identification. HS-806. Florida: University of Florida. Retrieved from website

Gerson, U. (2003). Acarine pests of citrus: overview and non-chemical control. Systematic and Applied Acarology, 8(1), 3–12. DOI

Gerson, U. (2014). Pest control by mites (Acari): present and future. Acarologia, 54(4), 371–394. DOI

Gerson, U., & Weintraub, P. G. (2011). Mites (Acari) as a factor in greenhouse management. Annual Review of Entomology, 57(1), 229–247. DOI

Kalaisekar, A., Naidu, V. G., & Rao, N. V. (2000). Citrus rust mite, Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead) (Eriophyidae: Acarina): Effect of its damage on fruit quality and its chemical control. Indian Journal of Plant Protection, 28(2), 132–134. Retrieved from website

Kapaxidi, E. V. (2013). Eriophyoid mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea) in Greek orchards and grapevine: A review. Hellenic Plant Protection Journal, 6(1), 1–18. Retrieved from PDF

Keifer, H. H. (1952). The eriophyid mites of California (Acarina: Eriophyidae). Bulletin of the California Insect Survey, 2(1), 1–128. Retrieved from PDF

Keifer, H. H., Baker, E. W., Kono, T., Delfinado, M., & Styer, W. E. (1982). An illustrated guide to plant abnormalities caused by eriophyid mites in North America. Agriculture Handbook Number 573, United States Department of Agriculture. Washington, DC. Retrieved from PDF

Kelly, N., Miles, J., Conner, K., Sikora, E., & Majumdar, A. (2016). Citrus pest identification and management guide - ANR 2270. Alabama. Retrieved from PDF

Manson, D. C. M. (1984). Eriophyoidea except Eriophyinae (Arachnida: Acari). Fauna of New Zealand, 4, 144p. DOI

Mccoy, C. W. (1979). Migration and development of citrus rust mite on the spring flush of valencia orange. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society, 92(4), 48–51.

Morey, P. (2007). Citrus market in Indonesia: A perspective from Eastern Indonesia. Retrieved from website

Palevsky, E., Argov, Y., David, Ben, T., & Gerson, U. (2003). Identification and evaluation of potential predators of the citrus rust mite, Phyllocoptruta oleivora, in Israel. Systematic and Applied Acarology, 8, 39–48. DOI

Pusat Data dan Sistem Informasi Pertanian. (2015). Outlook komoditas pertanian subsektor hortikultura jeruk 2015. (Suwandi, Ed.). Jakarta, ID: Pusat Data dan Sistem Informasi Pertanian Kementerian Pertanian. Retrieved from PDF

Quiros-Gonzalez, M. (2000). Phytophagous mite populations on Tahiti lime, Citrus latifolia, under induced drought conditions. Experimental & Applied Acarology, 24(12), 897–904. DOI

Tsuchida, Y., & Masui, S. (2020). Effects of providing pollen to Euseius sojaensis or Amblyseius eharai (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on populations of the pink citrus rust mite, Aculops pelekassi (Acari: Eriophyidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology, 55, 241-248. DOI

Vacante, V. (2010). Citrus mites: Identification, bionomy and control. CABI. Retrieved from website

Villalon, B., & Dean, H. A. (1974). Hirsutella thompsonii a fungal parasite of the citrus rust mite Phyllocoptruta oleivora in the Rio Grande Valley of Texas. Entomophaga, 19(4), 431–436. DOI

Xue, X.-F., Song, Z.-W., & Hong, X.-Y. (2010). Review of Phyllocoptruta, with descriptions of two new species (Acari: Eriophyoidea). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 103(5), 697–705. DOI




DOI: http://doi.org/10.17503/agrivita.v43i3.2997

Copyright (c) 2021 The Author(s)

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.