Rice Soil Fertility Classification in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Vo Quang Minh, Le Quang Tri, Le Van Khoa, Thai Thanh Du, Pham Thanh Vu, Tran Van Dung, Nguyen Minh Dong

Abstract


The rice crop intensification led to soil degradation and yield decline in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Therefore, it is necessary to classify soil fertility and identify the constraints for proper soil use. The soil legend classified by World Reference Based was converted to the Fertility Capability Classification system. The soil constraints and recommendations for appropriate services are suggested. The findings indicate seven primary soil categories, ten diagnostic layers, three diagnostic features, and three diagnostic materials in the rice soils of the Mekong Delta. Eleven soil constraints were found, most of which were associated with acid sulfate and saline soils. These constraints included low acidity, strong acidity, low available P, high P fixation, high potential Fe toxicity, slightly actual acid sulfate and shallow potential acid sulfate, deep potential acid sulfate, slight salinity, and strong salinity, low mineral supply capacity, limited organic carbon content, and low nutrient retention capacity. Reclamation of acid sulfate and saline soils by leaching soil toxicity and boosting soil nutritional status with organic matter and P, K treatment were recommended for degraded, acid sulfate, and saline soils.


Keywords


Conversion; Constraints; FCC; Recommendation; WRB

Full Text:

PDF

References


Arrouays, D., Grundy, M. G., Hartemink, A. E., Hempel, J. W., Heuvelink, G. B. M., Hong, S. Y., … Zhang, G.-L. (2014). Global soil map: Toward a fine-resolution global grid of soil properties. Advances in Agronomy, 125, 93-134. DOI

Boul, S. W., Sanchez, P. A., Cate Jr., R. B., & Granger, M. A. (1975). Soil fertility capability classification. In E. Bornemisza & A. Alvarado (Eds.), Soil Management in Tropical America (pp. 126-140). Raleigh, USA: Soils of the Tropics by the Soil Science Department, North Carolina State University. Retrieved from website

Chandrakala, M., Prasad, B., Niranjana, K. V., Sujatha, K., Hegde, R., & Chandran, P. (2021). Application of soil fertility capability classification (FCC) in dry semi arid land of South Telangana Plateau, Andhra Pradesh. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 52(2), 161-171. DOI

Fanzo, J., Remans, R., & Sanchez, P. (2011). The role of chemistry in addressing hunger and food security. In Garcia-Martinez, J., & Serrano-Torregrosa, E. (Eds.), The Chemical Element: Chemistry's Contribution to Our Global Future (1st ed.; pp. 71-97). Verlag: Wiley‐VCH. DOI

FAO. (1976). A framework for land evaluation. FAO Soils Bulletin 32. Rome, IT: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved from website

FAO. (2003). Digital soil map of the world and derived soil properties. Rome, IT: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved from website

FAO. (2006). World reference base for soil resources 2006: A framework for international classification, correlation and communication. World Soil Resources Report 103. Rome, IT: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved from PDF

FAO. (2015). World reference base for soil resources 2014: International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps. World Soil Resources Reports 106. Rome, IT: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved from PDF

Guong, V. T. (2016). Application of fertilizers for crops in the Mekong delta. In Agricultural Soil Resources, fertilizer application in Vietnam (pp. 12-31). The Publication house of HCM City. (In Vietnamese)

Guong, V. T., Hoa, N. M., Khoi, C. M., Dung, T. V., & Vien, D. M. (2007). Management of soil fertility and use of fertilizer efficiency in the Mekong Delta. Can Tho University. (In Vietnamese)

Hoa, N. M. (2003). Soil potassium dynamics under intensive rice cropping: A case study in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam [Ph.D Thesis]. Wageningen: Wageningen University. Retrieved from website

Minh, V. Q. (2007). Developing a system for rice soil fertility classification in the Mekong delta [PhD Thesis]. Cantho University. (In Vietnamese)

Minh, V. Q., Trí, L. Q., Vu, P. T., & Dung, T. V. (2016). Conversion of soil map legend of the Mekong delta Vietnam from WRB 1998 to WRB 2006. Cantho University Scientific Journal, 4, 10-21. (In Vietnamese)

Minh, V. Q., Vũ, P. T., Khoa, L. V., Du, T. T., Tri, L. Q., & Dung, T. V. (2020). Major land uses on acid sulfate soils of Hau Giang province, Vietnam. International Journal of Environment Agriculture and Biotechnology, 5(1), 192-196. DOI

Moody, P. W., Cong, P. T., Legrand, J., & Chon, N. Q. (2008). A decision support framework for identifying soil constraints to the agricultural productivity of tropical upland soils. Soil Use and Management. 24(2), 148–155. DOI

Ponnamperuma, F. N., (1977). Screening rice for tolerance to mineral stresses. IRRI Research Paper, 6, 1-21. Los Banos, PH: International Rice Research Institute. Retrieved from website

Sachs, J. D., Remans, R., Smukler, S. M., Winowiecki, L., Andelman, S. J., Cassman, K. G., … Sanchez, P. A. (2012). Effective monitoring of agriculture: a response. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 14(3), 738-742. DOI

Sanchez, P. A. (2019). Properties and Management of Soils in the Tropics (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. DOI

Sanchez, P. A. (2020). Viewpoint: Time to increase production of nutrient-rich foods. Food Policy, 91, 101843. DOI

Sanchez, P. A., Ahamed, S., Carré, F., Hartemink, A. E., Hempel, J., Huising, J., … Zhang, G.-L. (2009). Digital soil map of the World - Increased demand and advanced techniques could lead to more refined mapping and management of soils. Science, 325(5941), 680-681. DOI

Sanchez, P. A., Couto, W., & Buol, S. W. (1982). The fertility capability soil classification system: interpretation, applicability, and modification. Geoderma. 27(4), 283-309. DOI

Sanchez, P. A., Palm, C. A., & Buol, S. W. (2003). Fertility capability soil classification: a tool to help assess soil quality in the tropics. Geoderma. 114(3-4), 157-185. DOI

Smith, C. W. (1989). The fertility capability classification system (FCC) - 3rd Approximation: A technical soil classification system relating pedon characterization data to inherent fertility characteristics [PhD. Thesis]. Raleigh, USA: Department of Soil Science, North Carolina State University.

Soil Survey Staff. (2014). Keys to soil taxonomy (12th ed.). United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. Retrieved from PDF

van Breemen, N., & Pons, L. J. (1978). Acid sulfate soils and rice. In Soils and Rice (pp. 739-761). Proceedings Symposium of International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos. Retrieved from website

Xuan, V. T., Quang, N. K., & Tri, L. Q. (1982). Rice cultivation on acid sulfate soils in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. In H. Dost & N. van Breemen (Eds.), Proceedings of the Bangkok Symposium on acid sulfate soils (pp. 251-259). Wageningen: International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement Publication No. 3.




DOI: http://doi.org/10.17503/agrivita.v45i1.2943

Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s)

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.